Kang, E. Y., Fields, H. W., Kiyak, A., Beck, F. M., & Firestone, A. R. (2009). Informed consent recall and comprehension in orthodontics: traditional vs improved readability and processability methods. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 136(4), 488-e1.

Kang, E.; Fields, H.; Kiyak, A.; Beck, F.; Firestone, A.

2009

Kang, E. Y., Fields, H. W., Kiyak, A., Beck, F. M., & Firestone, A. R. (2009). Informed consent recall and comprehension in orthodontics: traditional vs improved readability and processability methods. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 136(4), 488-e1.

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Low general and health literacy in the United States means informed consent documents are not well understood by most adults. Methods to improve recall and comprehension of informed consent have not been tested in orthodontics. The purposes of this study were to evaluate (1) recall and comprehension among patients and parents by using the American Association of Orthodontists' (AAO) informed consent form and new forms incorporating improved readability and processability; (2) the association between reading ability, anxiety, and sociodemographic variables and recall and comprehension; and (3) how various domains (treatment, risk, and responsibility) of information are affected by the forms. Methods. Three treatment groups (30 patient-parent pairs in each) received an orthodontic case presentation and either the AAO form, an improved readability form (MIC), or an improved readability and processability (pairing audio and visual cues) form (MIC + SS). Structured interviews were transcribed and coded to evaluate recall and comprehension. Results. Significant relationships among patient-related variables and recall and comprehension explained little of the variance. The MIC + SS form significantly improved patient recall and parent recall and comprehension. Recall was better than comprehension, and parents performed better than patients. The MIC + SS form significantly improved patient treatment comprehension and risk recall and parent treatment recall and comprehension. Patients and parents both overestimated their understanding of the materials. Conclusions. Improving the readability of consent materials made little difference, but combining improved readability and processability benefited both patients' recall and parents' recall and comprehension compared with the AAO form.

It appears that improving the readability and processability of orthodontic informed consent documents, specifically the most commonly used document (AAO form), will improve recall for child patients and recall and comprehension for parents who seem unaware of their minimal level of understanding. Pairing audio and visual cues can demonstrate their impact, even with many complex issues such as those in orthodontic informed consent.

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