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Today's school and college textbooks are full of static, multimodal content. This research investigates which of the three modalities - text, table or graph - is more efficient in conveying a given message to students. For fixed content, we hypothesized that graph representation is better of the three for comprehension. Experiment results (N=25)suggest that graphs are indeed 25.5% faster to understand than text and 46.5% faster than tables. In terms of accuracy of responses, graphs were 13.5% worse than text and 8.6%more accurate than tables. When the ratio of amount of accurate answers for each second taken to respond was ...

Background. Given the importance of effective patient communication, findings about influences on risk perception in nonmedical domains need replication in medical domains. Objective. To examine whether numeracy influences risk perceptions when different information frames and number formats are used to present medication risks.Methods. The authors manipulated the frame and number format of risk information in a 3 (frame: positive, negative, combined) × 2 (number format: frequency, percentage) design. Participants from an Internet sample (N = 298), randomly assigned to condition, responded to a single, hypothetical scenario. The main effects and interactions of numeracy, framing, and number format on risk perception were measured. Results.Participants given the positive ...