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In dit onderzoek is bekeken of stroomdiagrammen een goede aanvulling vormen op teksten wanneer het om complexe didactische informatie gaat. Hiervoor is gebruikgemaakt van vier verschillende presentatievormen, twee tekstversies en twee stroomdiagrammen, van de regeling voor de tussen-n in samenstellingen. Onderzocht is wat het effect van deze presentatievormen is op de door leerlingen geleverde prestatie en of ze invloed hebben op de motivatie van leerlingen. Bovendien is gekeken naar het effect op inzicht. Er namen 130 middelbare scholieren uit het vierde leerjaar van het HAVO en VWO aan het onderzoek deel. De resultaten wijzen uit dat stroomdiagrammen bij complexe didactische ...

Objective: To determine whether the use of verbal descriptors suggested by the European Union (EU) such as ‘‘common’’ (1–10% frequency) and ‘‘rare’’ (0.01–0.1%) effectively conveys the level of risk of side effects to people taking a medicine. Participants: 120 adults taking simvastatin or atorvastatin after cardiac surgery or myocardial infarction. Setting: Cardiac rehabilitation clinics at two hospitals in Leeds, UK. Intervention: A written statement about one of the side effects of the medicine (either constipation or pancreatitis). Within each side effect condition half the patients were given the information in verbal form and half in numerical form (for constipation, ‘‘common’’ ...

To investigate the effectiveness of presenting medicine side effect risk information in different forms, including that proposed by UK guidelines.134 Cancer Research UK (CRUK) website users were recruited via a ‘pop-up’. Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, participants were randomly allocated to one of four conditions and asked to: imagine they had to take tamoxifen, estimate the risks of 4 side effects, and indicate a presentation mode preference. Those presented with absolute frequencies demonstrated greater accuracy in estimating 2 of 4 side effects, and of any side effect occurring, than those presented with frequency bands. Those presented with combined descriptors ...

Objectives. Research into the provision of patient information has demonstrated that, under certain conditions, patients overestimate the risks of medicine side effects. Gigerenzer and Edwards (2004) argue that 'natural frequencies' are a less confusing way of expressing risk information. Two experiments with users of an existing high profile patient information website, investigate the effectiveness of presenting medicine side effect risk information in different forms. Design. In both experiments participants were randomly allocated to one of the three conditions for representing risk information (a form of 'natural frequency', percentages and verbal descriptors). Method. Participants were recruited from users of the Cancer ...

Objectives. Research into the provision of patient information has demonstrated that, under certain conditions, patients overestimate the risks of medicine side effects. Gigerenzer and Edwards (2004) argue that 'natural frequencies' are a less confusing way of expressing risk information. Two experiments with users of an existing high profile patient information website, investigate the effectiveness of presenting medicine side effect risk information in different forms. Design. In both experiments participants were randomly allocated to one of the three conditions for representing risk information (a form of 'natural frequency', percentages and verbal descriptors). Method. Participants were recruited from users of the Cancer ...

In three experiments we tested the effects of spatial visualization ability on performance of a motion-verification task, in which subjects were shown a diagram of a mechanical system and were asked to verify a sentence stating the motion of one of the system components. We propose that this task involves component processes of (1) sentence comprehension, (2) diagram comprehension, (3) text-diagram integration, and (4) mental animation. Subjects with law spatial ability made more errors than did subjects with high spatial ability on this task, and they made more errors on items in which more system components had to be animated ...

Two experiments compared people’s interpretation of verbal and numerical descriptions of the risk of medication side effects occurring. The verbal descriptors were selected from those recommended for use by the European Union (very common, common, uncommon, rare, very rare). Both experiments used a controlled empirical methodology, in which nearly 500 members of the general population were presented with a fictitious (but realistic) scenario about visiting the doctor and being prescribed medication, together with information about the medicine’s side effects and their probability of occurrence. Experiment 1 found that, in all three age groups tested (18 – 40, 41 – 60 and ...

Two experiments compared people’s interpretation of verbal and numerical descriptions of the risk of medication side effects occurring. The verbal descriptors were selected from those recommended for use by the European Union (very common, common, uncommon, rare, very rare). Both experiments used a controlled empirical methodology, in which nearly 500 members of the general population were presented with a fictitious (but realistic) scenario about visiting the doctor and being prescribed medication, together with information about the medicine’s side effects and their probability of occurrence. Experiment 1 found that, in all three age groups tested (18 – 40, 41 – 60 and ...

Two experiments, using a controlled empirical methodology, investigated the effects of presenting information about medicines using a more personalised style of expression. In both studies, members of the general public were given a hypothetical scenario about visiting the doctor, being diagnosed with a particular illness, and being prescribed a medication. They were also given a written explanation about the medicine and were asked to provide ratings on a number of measures, including satisfaction, perceived risk to health, and intention to comply. In Experiment 1 the explanation focused only on possible side effects of the medicine, whereas in Experiment 2 a fuller explanation ...

Two experiments, using a controlled empirical methodology, investigated the effects of presenting information about medicines using a more personalised style of expression. In both studies, members of the general public were given a hypothetical scenario about visiting the doctor, being diagnosed with a particular illness, and being prescribed a medication. They were also given a written explanation about the medicine and were asked to provide ratings on a number of measures, including satisfaction, perceived risk to health, and intention to comply. In Experiment 1 the explanation focused only on possible side effects of the medicine, whereas in Experiment 2 a fuller explanation ...